An international team of researchers has identified the specific protein that tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) uses to infect human cells, marking a significant breakthrough in understanding how the virus causes neurological disease. The study, co-led by scientists from Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), was published on September 24, 2025 in the journal Nature. This discovery represents the first time researchers have conclusively identified an essential host-cell protein receptor for any flavivirus.

TBEV belongs to the flavivirus genus, which includes other serious mosquito- and tick-borne pathogens such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. Until now, scientists had been unable to identify the critical protein receptors that these viruses use to enter human cells. "By conclusively demonstrating that TBEV requires a critical protein receptor to infect human cells, we open the field to discovering receptors for other flaviviruses and devising therapies for the devastating infections they cause," said study co-leader Kartik Chandran, Ph.D., professor of microbiology & immunology at Einstein.

The research team identified LRP8 as the crucial protein that acts as a receptor for TBEV infection. Using a sophisticated screening method, researchers exposed thousands of cell variants with different genes removed to TBEV and found that cells lacking the LRP8 gene survived exposure. "LRP8 is a protein on the cell surface that is highly expressed in brain cells," explained Sara Gredmark Russ, Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases at Karolinska Institutet, who led the study at KI. The protein essentially functions as a "door opener" for the virus to enter human cells.

This discovery has significant implications for developing new treatments for tick-borne encephalitis, a disease that currently has no specific antiviral therapies available despite the existence of a preventive vaccine. TBEV is transmitted through tick bites and can infect the brain and spinal cord, causing severe and sometimes life-threatening neurological disease. With the virus endemic throughout Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central and East Asia, and cases expected to increase due to climate change and expanding tick habitats, this breakthrough provides a crucial foundation for future antiviral drug development.

A Swedish court has convicted six individuals for their involvement in the murder of a 41-year-old gang leader in the Berga district of Linköping during the summer of 2024. The Linköping District Court delivered verdicts in the case, which involved eight defendants originally charged with participation in the killing. The court established that the murder was carried out according to a criminal plan orchestrated by members of an organized crime network based in the Berga area.

The victim was fatally shot in a public space near Berga Church in Linköping on August 13, 2024. Multiple gunshots struck the man in his back and head during the daylight incident, which occurred near residential buildings and a playground. Several members of the public witnessed the shooting, adding to the evidence presented during the trial.

Court proceedings revealed that a 14-year-old boy fired the fatal shots that killed the gang leader. The teenager, who has admitted to the killing, was not prosecuted due to being below the age of criminal responsibility under Swedish law. Instead, prosecutors focused on the eight older individuals allegedly involved in planning and facilitating the murder, all of whom had denied the charges against them.

Evidence presented by prosecutors included extensive documentation of movement patterns through surveillance footage, GPS data from electric scooters, and mobile phone analysis. The court determined the victim had been lured to the crime scene under the pretense of a drug transaction, with communication occurring through a special Snapchat account and a dedicated mobile phone later found buried in nearby woods. Six of the eight defendants were found guilty, with two receiving life sentences for murder while others were convicted of aiding the killing.